Calculate, estimate and compare volume of cubes and cuboids using standards units, including cubic centimetres and cubic metres (m3), and extending to other units [for example, mm3 and km3] - Reasoning

Students are guided in exploring the concept of volume, particularly focusing on cubes and cuboids, which are fundamental three-dimensional shapes. The objective is to calculate the exact volume by using the standard units of measurement such as cubic centimetres (cm³) and cubic metres (m³). They are also encouraged to extend their understanding to other units of volume, including cubic millimetres (mm³) and cubic kilometres (km³). To calculate the volume of a cube, students use the formula V = a³, where 'a' is the length of one side, since all sides of a cube are equal. For cuboids, the formula V = l × w × h is used, where 'l' is the length, 'w' is the width, and 'h' is the height of the cuboid.

Additionally, students are taught to estimate the volume of these shapes, which is a useful skill when exact measurements are not available or when they need to make quick comparisons. They learn to compare the volumes of different cubes and cuboids, understanding how changes in dimensions affect the overall volume. The reasoning component of the lesson encourages critical thinking, as students might discuss why a certain shape has a larger or smaller volume compared to another, even if their dimensions may not vary greatly. This section of the curriculum aims to deepen students' spatial awareness and their ability to manipulate and understand the properties of three-dimensional space in practical contexts.