The Maya pyramids - Info pack

The Maya, an ancient civilisation that thrived in the jungles of Central America from 200 to 900 AD, are renowned for their architectural prowess, particularly in constructing pyramids. Unlike the straight-sided pyramids of Egypt, Mayan pyramids featured stepped sides, often with the capability for individuals to ascend to the summit. These structures had flatter tops compared to the pointed peaks of Egyptian pyramids, making them suitable for hosting ceremonies, including sacrificial rituals and temples dedicated to various deities. Besides their religious significance, these pyramids also served as navigational landmarks, towering above the jungle canopy, and in some cases, contained burial chambers for esteemed individuals. The Maya's construction techniques and the multifaceted purposes of their pyramids provide a window into their advanced civilisation.

There were two distinct types of Mayan pyramids, both embodying the quintessential pyramid shape with steep steps leading to the apex. One type housed a temple at the top for priests to conduct sacrifices and religious ceremonies. The stairs on these were steep yet manageable for the ascent. The other type of pyramid was sacred and dedicated to a specific god, not intended for human ascent, often featuring steps too steep for easy climbing and sometimes constructed with hidden doors, tunnels, and traps. The Maya's method of pyramid construction involved using a large earthen mound as a base, encasing it with sizeable stones, and orienting the structure to align with celestial events such as equinox sunrises and sunsets. Remarkably, they would build new layers over existing pyramids to honour new kings or to strengthen the king's divine connections, creating a layered historical record within a single edifice. This innovative approach to construction is further testament to the Maya's advanced civilisational attributes.