Earthquakes - Info pack

Earthquakes are natural phenomena that occur due to the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates. These vast rock formations, although part of the Earth's seemingly solid crust, are in constant slow motion. At the boundaries where these plates meet, known as faults, their movements can release waves of energy that result in earthquakes. The strength of these earthquakes is measured on a scale, with higher numbers indicating more intense and potentially devastating quakes. Despite advances in construction that allow for stronger, safer buildings, earthquakes continue to pose a significant threat, particularly in regions where the cost of implementing safety measures is prohibitive.

The danger of earthquakes extends beyond the initial event. Aftershocks, which are smaller quakes following the main shock, can further damage structures that were weakened by the first quake. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides and mudslides, adding to the devastation, especially in hilly or mountainous areas. The impact of an earthquake can disrupt essential services such as electricity, water, and food supplies, leading to disease and long-term challenges for affected communities. Globally, over a million earthquakes are recorded annually, most of which are too minor to be felt. Although the UK does not experience catastrophic earthquakes, it still records around 200 to 250 each year, with about 30 of these being strong enough to be noticed by the public.