Brexit: How did it happen - Info sheet

Brexit, the term used to describe the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union (EU), has been a subject of intense debate among UK politicians for many years. The arguments for and against membership in the EU have been varied and passionate, reflecting a nation deeply divided on the issue. In 2013, David Cameron, who was a Conservative MP at the time, made a commitment that should his party be victorious in the forthcoming general election, he would grant the British public the opportunity to vote on whether the UK should remain a member of the EU or leave. Following through on this promise, the Conservative Party won the 2015 general election, and Cameron, as the Prime Minister, focused his efforts on renegotiating the terms of the UK's relationship with the EU.

The Brexit process saw the involvement of three different Prime Ministers. David Cameron, who had campaigned for the UK to stay in the EU, chose to step down from his position after the referendum resulted in a majority vote to leave. His successor, Theresa May, faced significant challenges in securing a satisfactory exit deal from the EU, which ultimately led to her resignation. Boris Johnson then took over as Prime Minister, and his tenure was marked by contentious negotiations over the UK's departure from the EU. Opinions on Johnson's handling of Brexit negotiations have been polarised, with some considering his efforts successful, while others disagree. This political journey has not only reshaped the UK's relationship with its European neighbours but has also had profound implications on the nation's political landscape.