Hardness - Results Tables is part of the lesson Hardness    Students will learn about hardness as part of their learning about properties and changes of materials, as specified by the national curriculum in England: science programmes of study.

<p>The classification of materials based on their hardness is a fundamental aspect of material science. Various everyday items are listed alongside their typical uses and properties, with a particular focus on their hardness. Items such as a metal can, plastic bottle, glass window, brick wall, metal paper clip, wooden pencil, and rubber elastic band are all evaluated for this characteristic. The list also includes a rock, which is noted as having no particular use in this context, and a plastic carrier bag. Each material's hardness is measured against common reference points like a fingernail, glass, coin, and paperclip to establish a rank of hardness, providing a comparative understanding of how resistant to scratching or denting each material is.</p>

<p>In addition to the classification of individual materials, the text explores the properties of alloys and how the addition of various substances can alter the characteristics of a base material like plasticine. The additives, measured in teaspoons, include salt, sand, and flour, and their impact on the plasticine's properties is observed and recorded. This examination helps to illustrate the concept that the hardness of a material can be adjusted and controlled through the addition of other elements, which is a critical concept in materials engineering and the development of new materials for specific applications.</p>

Hardness - Lesson Plan is part of the lesson Hardness    Students will learn about hardness as part of their learning about properties and changes of materials, as specified by the national curriculum in England: science programmes of study.

Hardness - Lesson Plan

Hardness - Teacher Explanation is part of the lesson Hardness    Students will learn about hardness as part of their learning about properties and changes of materials, as specified by the national curriculum in England: science programmes of study.

Teacher Explanation

Hardness - Teacher Explanation

Hardness - Presentation is part of the lesson Hardness    Students will learn about hardness as part of their learning about properties and changes of materials, as specified by the national curriculum in England: science programmes of study.

Hardness - Presentation

Hardness - Objectives Labels is part of the lesson Hardness    Students will learn about hardness as part of their learning about properties and changes of materials, as specified by the national curriculum in England: science programmes of study.

Objectives Labels

Hardness - Objectives Labels

Hardness - Self Assessment is part of the lesson Hardness    Students will learn about hardness as part of their learning about properties and changes of materials, as specified by the national curriculum in England: science programmes of study.

Self Assessment

Hardness - Self Assessment

<p>In this lesson, students will learn about hardness as a property of materials. The students will build on their previous learning about everyday materials from years 1-4. In year 1, students identified and named a variety of everyday materials, in year 2 they found out how shapes of solid objects can be changed, in year 3 they compared and grouped different rocks, and in year 4 they compared and grouped materials into solids, liquids, and gases. This lesson is not part of the Year 6 Chemistry curriculum. However, it is linked to cross-curricular subjects such as History, Design and Technology, and English.</p> <p>The main activity in this lesson is to produce a report on the Mohs scale and classify items based on their hardness. Students will use the Mohs scale to identify minerals in the field and it goes from 1-10, with the higher number indicating a harder mineral. Talc is 1 on the scale and diamond is 10. In the materials classification activity, students will use their own scale to classify items based on their hardness and write descriptions of the properties of each material. Finally, in the activity on the hardness of materials, students will physically test the hardness of various materials using a glass slide, copper coin, paper clip, fingernail, and other materials. The properties of the materials studied will be linked to their use, such as rubber being stretchy (elastic), making it ideal for elastic bands.</p> <h2>Misconceptions and Keywords</h2> <p>The lesson will address common misconceptions such as all metals being solids at room temperature and all metals being hard. It will also introduce keywords such as hardness, Mohs Scale, mineral, flexible, elastic, stretchy, and brittle. Influential scientists such as Alexander Parkes, John Wesley Hyatt, Leo Baekeland, Eugen Bauman, Wallace Carothers, and Friedrich Mohs will also be mentioned in the lesson.</p> <h2>Important Lesson Guidance</h2> <p>There is flexibility in the materials that can be tested in this lesson and the results tables are just examples. It would be best if a wide range of materials is available for the students to test for hardness, including rocks. There is also much flexibility in terms of the size of the groups, with the recommended group size being 4 students. The students will use learning pads for the Mohs scale activity.</p>

Hardness

Science

Year 5

Properties and Changes of Materials

Hardness - Results Tables

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