Issues with the heart - Info sheet

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), commonly known as heart diseases, are a significant global health concern, accounting for 30% of deaths worldwide as of 2008. These diseases are predominantly caused by coronary artery disease and stroke, which together constitute over three-quarters of heart disease cases. Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart diseases, including smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and diabetes that is not well-managed. It is worth noting that cardiovascular diseases can often be silent, presenting no symptoms, but they can also manifest through chest pain or experiencing shortness of breath.

The diagnosis of heart disease typically involves a thorough review of the patient's medical history, alongside a physical examination where heart sounds are assessed using a stethoscope. Additional diagnostic tools include electrocardiograms (ECG) and ultrasound imaging to provide a more detailed evaluation of heart function. Cardiologists are the medical specialists dedicated to the study and treatment of heart diseases, but the management of these conditions may also require the involvement of various other medical specialities. Understanding how the heart operates and its critical role in the human circulatory system is essential for recognising the impact of heart issues and the importance of maintaining cardiovascular health.