Chile's precarious location makes it a prime target for seismic activity, including the powerful 1960 earthquake, which was 10 times greater than today's. Bill Whitaker reports.

When the trembling stops, the disaster is only the beginning.
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Earthquakes 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/VSgB1IWr6O4

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Earthquakes 101 | National Geographic

Nepal has been hit by two huge earthquakes, a 7.8 and a 7.3 on the Richter Scale. What are the different ways seismologists measure earthquakes and what do these ratings mean? 

Read More:
Earthquake Facts and Statistics
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/eqstats.php

How Earthquakes Work
http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/earthquake6.htm

The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/mercalli.php
"The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such as people awakening, movement of furniture, damage to chimneys, and finally - total destruction."

Magnitude VS Intensity
http://pnsn.org/outreach/about-earthquakes/magnitude-intensity
"Perhaps no seismic subject is as irksome to seismologists as discussions of earthquake size. There often seems to be no end of confusion, misunderstanding, and over-interpretation of what are really pretty crude metrics."
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How Does The Richter Scale Work?

The largest earthquake ever recorded by instruments struck southern Chile on May 22, 1960. This 9.5 magnitude earthquake generated a tsunami that crossed the Pacific Ocean, killing as many as 2000 people in Chile and Peru, 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii, and 142 people in Japan as well as causing damage in the Marquesas Islands (Fr. Polynesia), Samoa, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, and in Alaska's Aleutian Islands.

Our animation adapts the earthquake source of Fujii and Satake (2012) to show how this tsunami may have propagated in the Pacific Ocean. The animation ends with a transition to an "energy map" summarizing the changes in open-ocean sea level height predicted by our real-time tsunami forecast model (RIFT).

To see how this tsunami compares with two recent tsunamis from Chile, please watch http://youtu.be/qoxTC3vIF1U

(Mercator version: https://youtu.be/oeKewmAoBEM)

Tsunami Animation: Valdivia, Chile, 1960 (rotating globe)

Volcanoes are as dangerous as they are majestic. Over 50 eruptions rock our planet every year. This video helps you understand what causes volcanoes to form and erupt—and shows where they are most likely to be found.
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Volcanoes 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/yDy28QtdYJY

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Volcanoes 101 | National Geographic

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-colossal-consequences-of-supervolcanoes-alex-gendler

In 1816, Europe and North America were plagued by heavy rains, odd-colored snow, famines, strange fogs and very cold weather well into June. Though many people believed it to be the apocalypse, this "year without a summer" was actually the result of a supervolcano eruption that happened one year earlier over 1,000 miles away. Alex Gendler describes the history and science of these epic eruptions. 

Lesson by Alex Gendler, animation by Andrew Foerster.

The colossal consequences of supervolcanoes - Alex Gendler

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The comet makes impact in spectacular fashion, destroying the Eastern Seaboard of the United States.

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Mimi Leder (The Peacemaker) directed this science-fiction disaster drama about the possible extinction of human life after a comet is discovered headed toward Earth with the collision only one year away. Ambitious MSNBC reporter Jenny Lerner (Tea Leoni) stumbles onto the story, prompting a White House press conference. United States President Beck (Morgan Freeman) announces the government's solution: a team of astronauts will travel to the comet and destroy it. The team leader aboard the spaceship Messiah is Spurgeon Tanner (Robert Duvall), who was once the last man to walk on the moon. However, the mission fails, splitting off a chunk of the comet, now due to land in the Atlantic with the impact sending a 350-foot tidal wave flooding 650 miles inland, destroying New York and other cities. The larger part of the comet, hitting in Canada, will trigger an E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event), not unlike a "nuclear winter" as dust clouds block out the sun and bring life to an end. President Beck reveals Plan B: a cavernous underground retreat constructed to hold one million Americans, with most to be selected through a national lottery. Since teenage amateur astronomer Leo Biederman (Elijah Wood) discovered the comet, his family gets a pass to enter the cave, but his girlfriend Sarah (Leelee Sobieski) and her parents will be left behind. Meanwhile, still in space, Spurgeon Tanner devises a plan for a kamikaze-styled operation that could possibly save the Earth. Special visual effects by Scott Farrar and Industrial Light & Magic.

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Deep Impact (8/10) Movie CLIP - The Comet Hits Earth (1998) HD

Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tsunamis - Student Presentation 

Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tsunamis - Teaching Presentation 

Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tsunamis - Exit Ticket 

Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tsunamis - Student Lesson Outline 

Earthquakes and Volcanoes is a lesson by Teach Science with Fergy, containing engaging videos, presentations and activities to help develop students' science knowledge.

Recalling 1960 Chile Quake

Science Resource Description