Vocabulary - Roman Numerals

The vocabulary of Roman numerals is an ancient numbering system that is still taught today, offering a glimpse into the history of mathematics and numeration. The basic Roman numerals start with I, II, and III, representing the numbers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This system uses combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet to signify values. The numerals IV, V, VI, and VII correspond to the numbers 4, 5, 6, and 7, showcasing the rule where placing a smaller numeral before a larger one indicates subtraction. For instance, IV is 4, as it represents 5 (V) minus 1 (I).

Continuing the sequence, VIII stands for 8, IX for 9, and X signifies 10, demonstrating how the placement of I before X reduces the value by one, thus creating the numeral for 9. XI and XII represent 11 and 12, showing the additive nature of Roman numerals when a smaller numeral follows a larger one. The system extends beyond these basics to include larger values such as L for 50 and C for 100, which are essential for composing larger numbers in Roman numerals. Understanding these symbols provides a foundation for reading and writing numbers the Roman way, a skill that combines both mathematical and historical knowledge.