Part Whole Models for addition and subtraction

In Year 3 mathematics, students are introduced to part-whole models as a visual strategy for understanding addition and subtraction of fractions with the same denominator. This concept is essential as it lays the foundation for working with fractions within one whole, a key part of the maths curriculum. The part-whole model represents a whole as being divided into equal parts, and each part is a fraction of that whole. By using these models, students can easily see how fractions with like denominators can be added or subtracted by simply combining or separating these parts.

The models presented include a series of fractions, each with a common denominator, which indicates the number of equal parts the whole is divided into. For instance, when working with fractions like 1/4, 3/4, 2/5, and 1/6, all parts contribute to making up a single whole. The students learn to add fractions by combining the parts, such as adding 1/4 and 3/4 to make a whole, or subtract fractions by removing parts, like taking 1/6 away from 2/6 to result in 1/6. This visual and practical approach helps students to grasp the concept of fractions and their operations, reinforcing their arithmetic skills with a clear and tangible method.