What is a Motte and Bailey castle?

A Motte and Bailey castle is a type of fortified structure that was commonly built during the medieval period in Europe. It consists of two main elements: the motte and the bailey. The motte is a large, often artificial mound of earth with a flat top, upon which a wooden or stone keep (tower) was constructed. This elevated position served as a lookout and the final stronghold in case of an attack. Surrounding the motte was the bailey, an enclosed courtyard that typically included living quarters, workshops, and other buildings necessary for the daily life of the castle's inhabitants. The bailey was usually surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade, and sometimes a moat, to provide additional defence against invaders.

The construction of Motte and Bailey castles was a strategic choice for providing security during times of conflict. These castles were designed to be easily defensible, with the motte providing a high vantage point for surveillance and the use of archers, while the bailey served as a safe haven for residents and a place to retreat to if needed. The raised motte also acted as a status symbol, projecting the power and influence of the lord who owned it. Castles played a crucial role in the feudal system, not only as military fortresses but also as administrative centres and symbols of lordly power, helping to control and protect the surrounding land and its people.